Электрический насос для перекачки воды
What is an electric water transfer pump?
An electric water transfer pump is a mechanical device designed to move clean water close to its source. It works by increasing the pressure of water in order to move it from one place to another. Most electric water transfer pumps are centrifugal pump types with a closed vane impeller and powered using an electric motor. In areas where floods cause an overflow, the electric water transfer pump is ideal for draining as much water as possible. It also suits lawn and garden watering, pond or pool filling, and sprinkler systems. Electric water transfer pump manufacturers develop these edge-cutting units to provide attractive performance metrics, such as a maximum pressure head of 115 feet and a maximum vertical suction lift of 28 ноги. Because of the closed vane impeller, the electric water transfer pump can efficiently generate pressure and fluid flow rates. Однако, debris can easily wedge between the front and back shrouds of the impeller.
Фигура: Showing the configuration of an electric water transfer pump
Components of an electric water transfer pump
Фигура: Components of an electric water transfer pump.
Электродвигатель
The electric motor is the source of the mechanical power to run the pump. Основная функция электродвигателя — предоставление механической энергии для вращения крыльчатки насоса.. The electric motor is close-coupled to the pump using a shaft and coupling.
Корпус насоса
The pump casing houses the pump’s internal components and helps to convert the high kinetic energy of water into a pressure head. The pump casing is usually equipped with a sealing ring to prevent water leakage and to contain pressure during the pumping operation. Electric water transfer pump manufacturers create the pump casings from various materials, such as cast steel, ковкий чугун, или из нержавеющей стали.
Вал
Вал представляет собой вращающийся механический компонент, расположенный в центре насоса и установленный на подшипниках.. Он поддерживает рабочее колесо и соединяет узел ротора насоса с двигателем посредством муфты..
Рабочее колесо
The impeller increases the kinetic energy and pressure of the fluid to move through the pump. It comprises a series of backward curved vanes and can be either an open-type impeller or a radial flow closed-type impeller. The electric water pump manufacturers employ a closed vane impeller because it is more robust and can efficiently generate high pressure and flow rate.
Сборка ротора
The rotors assembly comprises the shaft, рабочее колесо, shaft sleeves, подшипники, and coupling. The bearing suspension supports the rotor assembly while the coupling connects it to the drive shaft.
Suction and discharge nozzles
The suction nozzle connects to the pump inlet, allowing water to flow into the pump casing, while the discharge nozzle links with the outlet port to allow water to flow out of the pump to the designated location.
How does an electric water transfer pump work?
An electric water transfer pump operates by converting the mechanical energy of an impeller into kinetic energy and then the pressure energy of water. Когда запускается электродвигатель, the mechanical torque is transferred to the impeller via the pump shaft and the coupling. The impeller rotation creates a vacuum inside the pump, позволяя воде течь в корпус насоса под внешним атмосферным давлением. Как только вода попадает на крыльчатку, центробежная сила, действующая на лопасти рабочего колеса, перемещает его в радиальном направлении наружу, away from the impeller’s eye, at a high tangential velocity. The swirling flow at the exit of the impeller then enters into the volute chamber, где экстремальная скорость потока жидкости снижается из-за постепенного расширения пути потока, и энергия высокой скорости преобразуется в напор высокого давления. The water under pressure then discharges from the electric water transfer pump and enters the delivery pipe to transport it to the desired location.
Фигура: Working of an electric water transfer pump
Types of electric water transfer pumps
End suction electric water transfer pump
The end suction electric water transfer pump consists of an axial suction and the discharge at 90 градусов на всасывание. It can be long coupled with a separate pump and motor shaft or close coupled (where the motor is in the same unit with the pump), often referred to as a Monobloc. In a larger end-suction pump electric water transfer pump, the pump casing consists of a dual volute to reduce the forces acting on the impeller, мотор, вал, и подшипники. The end-suction water transfer pump can be either frame mounted or a close-coupled end-suction pump. В общем, end-suction water transfer pumps are simple, надежный, and have low initial acquisition and installation costs.
Фигура: End-suction electric water transfer pump.
Inline electric water transfer pump
An inline electric water transfer pump consists of the suction and discharge ports oriented straight to the piping system, то есть, центральная линия входа и выхода насоса находится на одном уровне. The inline design facilitates a smooth flow of water through the pump system. It is usually designed for vertical or horizontal installations. An everyday use of the inline electric water transfer pump is to remove liquids from decontamination showers.
Фигура: Inline electric water transfer pump.
Self-priming electric water transfer pump
This is a type of pump which is capable of priming itself. The priming process involves filling the pump with water to help expel air in the suction line and inside the pump. With the air in the pump, atmospheric pressure is not able to pull water from its source into the pump. Electric water transfer pump manufacturers design this pump such that when the pump is started, impellers create a vacuum in the pump. This vacuum forces the air mixture upwards towards the discharge. Due to low density, air is expelled via the discharge while water goes back to pump reservoir via gravity. The process repeats several times until all the air is removed from the pump after which normal pumping starts. Self-priming electric water transfer pumps help relive you of priming process.
Фигура: Self-priming electric water transfer pump.
Applications of an electric water transfer pump
These pumps are evident in urban water supply, civil engineering, construction system, agricultural water conservancy system, power station system, ship systems, и т. д.. common uses of the electric water transfer pump include the following:
- Electric water pumps are used for draining flood water.
- They are used to fill ponds or pools.
- They are used for lawn and garden watering.
- They are used to supply water to sprinkler systems and other irrigation applications.
- Они также применяются к водоснабжению и дренажу электростанций..
- Electric water transfer pumps are also used to move water from a dam or a domestic well directly to storage tanks or for other purposes.
- They are used for dewatering and constriction-related uses.
Advantages of electric water transfer pump
- They have high efficiency and low noise.
- They are of simple structure and compact design.
- They have a strong motor and good body design.
- The wetted components are specially designed to resist not only corrosion but also present good wear resistance.
- They have low power consumption, helping with energy conservation.
- They are cheap and easy to acquire.
- They have low Life Cycle Costs due to minimal maintenance requirements.
- Насос может работать с широким диапазоном давления и расхода..
- They provide a continuous and steady water flow output.
- Они просты в установке, clean and repair.
Disadvantages of electric water transfer pump
- An electric water transfer pump is unfit for dirty water or solid particles since debris can easily wedge between the front and back shrouds of the impeller.
- They are challenging to clean if they become clogged.
- The pump can fail under extreme loading conditions.
Troubleshooting an electric water transfer pump
Насос не запускается
- Неисправность проводки насоса., например, ослабленные соединения или обрыв проводки. Inspect and fix loose connections or replace the damaged wires.
- Напряжение неравномерное из-за грязи или коррозии реле давления. Осмотрите реле давления и очистите его от любого мусора или загрязнения..
- Розетки предохранителей загрязнены или подверглись коррозии.. Осмотрите и при необходимости очистите розетки предохранителей..
- Автоматический выключатель разомкнут, или предохранитель сгорел. Inspect the electric water transfer pump for a blown-out fuse and replace it if necessary. Выключите автоматический выключатель.
- Недостаточное питание панели.. Ensure that the voltage and current supply to the pump match the amount specified in the electric water transfer pump manufacturer’s manual.
Насос перегревается и отключается
- Напряжение двигателя не соответствует напряжению сети. Check the motor supply voltage against the voltage specified by the electric water transfer pump manufacturer on the nameplate.
- Двигатель имеет неправильные размеры проводов.. Обратитесь к национальным электротехническим нормам и правилам для получения полезного руководства по правильным размерам проводов и устройствам защиты цепей..
- Рабочее колесо сталкивается с корпусом насоса или не имеет свободного вращения.. Разберите насос и правильно выровняйте рабочее колесо..
- Слишком большая тяга из-за механической неисправности внутри насоса.. Осмотрите насос в сборе и устраните все недостатки..
- Подшипники насоса изношены. Осмотрите и при необходимости замените подшипники..
- The pump is operating at a low capacity. Ensure the pump runs at the rated duty according to the electric water transfer pump manufacturer’s guide.
Уровень шума слишком высок
- There are foreign materials present in the electric water transfer pump. Dismount and clean the pump inside.
- The impeller is severely damaged or worn out. Осмотрите и замените рабочее колесо.
- Насос работает за пределами рабочего диапазона. Ensure the pump’s duty range is correct following the electric water transfer pump manufacturer’s manual.
- The electric water transfer pump is working in cavitation. Убедитесь, что клапаны линии всасывания полностью открыты..
Насос испытывает чрезмерную вибрацию
- Рабочее колесо насоса частично забито. Осмотрите и очистите рабочее колесо.
- Монтажная пластина и фундамент не имеют достаточной жесткости.. Укрепить фундамент, and mount the electric water transfer pump tightly.
- Some pump parts are loosely held within the pump body. Tighten any loose parts to the torque level recommended by the electric water transfer pump manufacturer.
- The pump shaft is oblique. Check the shaft, перебалансируйте его по мере необходимости, или замените его.
- Некоторые компоненты насоса не сбалансированы. Inspect and rebalance the parts if necessary.
Привод насоса перегружен
- У мотора есть недостатки., например, плохая вентиляция, неправильное позиционирование, и т. д.. Осмотрите электродвигатель и выполните необходимый ремонт..
- Скорость насоса слишком высока. Reduce the pump’s rotational speed to match the electric water transfer pump manufacturer’s specification.
- Механическое трение внутри насоса. Устраните любое препятствие или отклонение.
- Плотность или вязкость жидкости слишком высоки. Убедитесь, что насос соответствует применению.
- Рана тампона зафиксирована слишком туго. Loosen nuts on packing glands to the electric water transfer pump manufacturer’s recommended torque level.
Резюме
An electric water transfer pump is a centrifugal pump with a closed vane impeller that uses an electric motor to move clean water close to its source. The pump’s working process entails increasing the water pressure to move it from one place to another. The closed vane impeller design allows the electric water transfer pump to efficiently generate high pressure and fluid flow rate. Electric water transfer pumps have different uses in urban water supply, civil engineering, строительство, agricultural water conservancy, power station, ship systems, и т. д.. The electric water transfer pump manufacturers avail the devices in various designs, such as end-suction electric water transfer pumps, inline electric water transfer pumps, and self-priming electric water transfer pumps. Electric water transfer pumps offer numerous benefits, including excellent performance, высокая эффективность, and low noise. They also have a compact structure that is simple to set up/assemble and easy to repair.